“We must be aware that the rights of nature and human rights are two names for the same dignity.”
Eduardo Galeano
Official name:
United Mexican States
Capital:
Mexico City
Population:
126,014,024
National symbol:
Northern Caracara, Golden Eagle, Opuntia, Mariachis.
Interesting fact:
In addition to its widespread cultural traditions, Mexico is the largest exporter of beer in the world.
Official name:
Republic of Cuba
Capital:
Havana
Population:
11,333,483
National symbol:
El Tocororo, Santeria, Mambo
Interesting fact:
Cuba has one of the highest literacy rates in the world: 99.8%.
Official name:
Republic of Guatemala
Capital:
Guatemala City
Population:
17,613,000
National symbol:
Tecun Uman, Marimba
Fun fact:
Guatemala is probably where chocolate was created!
Official name:
Republic of Haiti
Capital:
Port-au-Prince
Population:
11,439,646
National symbol:
Palm tree and revolution
Interesting fact:
First Latin American country to declare independence
Official name:
Dominican Republic
Capital:
Santo Domingo
Population:
10,358,000
National symbol:
Cigua Palmera, West Indian Mahogany, Merengue
Interesting fact:
The Dominican Republic has the oldest cathedral in the Americas, inaugurated in 1540. In a notoriously Catholic continent, it is also important to note that it is the only country to depict the Bible on its flag.
Official name:
Republic of El Salvador
Capital:
San Salvador
Population:
6,453,553
National symbol:
Torogoz, Xuc
Fun fact:
El Salvador is home to Joya de Cerén, also called the Pompeii of the Americas, a Mayan archaeological site perfectly preserved by a volcanic eruption.
Official name:
Republic of Honduras
Capital:
Tegucigalpa
Population:
9,416,634
National symbol:
Araracanga, Cariacu, Lempira
Interesting fact:
In Yoro, a city in Honduras, a fascinating meteorological phenomenon occurs with some frequency: a rain of fish.
Official name:
Republic of Nicaragua
Capital:
Managua
Population:
6,545,502
National symbol:
Plumeria, Blue-crowned Udu, Canto al Sol
Interesting fact:
Nicaragua is the place where the largest number of star constellations can be seen: 86.
Official name:
Republic of Costa Rica
Capital:
San Jose
Population:
5,075,000
National symbol:
Sloth, Pura Vida
Interesting fact:
Costa Rica does not have an army, and is home to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the UN University for Peace.
Official name:
Republic of Panama
Capital:
Panama City
Population:
4,219,000
National symbol:
Harpy Eagle, Atelopus zeteki, Mola, Panamanian Pollera
Interesting fact:
The longest continuously operated railway line is in Panama, the Panama Railway was opened in 1855, preceding the Panama Canal by half a century.
Official name:
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Capital:
Caracas
Population:
28,982,086
National symbol:
Flor de Mayo, turpial, Joropo, Alma Llanera
Interesting fact:
One of the most incredible atmospheric phenomena in the world occurs in Venezuela: lightning on the Catacumbo River. The mouth of the river, which flows into the largest lake in South America, Maracaibo, is hit by electrical storms on 140 to 160 nights a year, for up to 10 hours a day and with a frequency of up to 280 lightning strikes per hour.
Official name:
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Capital:
Caracas
Population:
28,982,086
National symbols:
Flor de Mayo, turpial, Joropo, Alma Llanera
Interesting fact:
One of the most incredible atmospheric phenomena in the world occurs in Venezuela: lightning on the Catacumbo River. The mouth of the river, which flows into the largest lake in South America, Maracaibo, is hit by electrical storms on 140 to 160 nights a year, for up to 10 hours a day and with a frequency of up to 280 lightning strikes per hour.
Official name:
Republic of Ecuador
Capital:
Quito
Population:
17,855,406
National symbol:
Giant Tortoises, Iguanas, Tigua Art
Fun fact:
Ecuador was the first nation to include the Rights of Nature in its constitution.
Official name:
Federative Republic of Brazil
Capital:
Brasília
Population:
211,755,692
National symbol:
Blue Macaw, Jaguar, Golden Lion Tamarin, Samba.
Interesting fact:
Brazil is considered the country with the greatest biodiversity in the world.
Official name:
Republic of Peru
Capital:
Lima
Population:
33,035,304
National symbol:
Vicuña, Machu Picchu, Nazca lines, Ceviche
Fun fact:
Peru is the birthplace of potatoes. The country has more than 4,000 varieties, and the tuber even inspires popular phrases, such as: “I am more Peruvian than potatoes”.
Official name:
Plurinational State of Bolivia
Capital:
La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (constitutional)
Population:
11,216,000
National symbol:
Wiphala, Cholas
Interesting fact:
Bolivia has 39 official languages.
Official name:
Republic of Paraguay
Capital:
Asunción
Population:
7,209,166
National symbol:
Pink Ipê, ao po’i, ñanduti
Interesting fact:
Paraguayans drink the largest amount of tea per capita in the world.
Official name:
Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital:
Montevideo
Population:
3,461,734
National symbol:
Sol de Mayo, cork oak, Mate
Interesting fact:
Uruguay is the country with the highest per capita beef consumption in the world! On average, a person consumes more than 50kg of beef per year.
Official name:
Republic of Chile
Capital:
Santiago
Population:
19,107,000
National symbol:
Condor, Moais, Huasos
Interesting fact:
The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest place in the world. There are parts where rainfall has never been recorded.
Official name:
Argentine Republic
Capital:
Buenos Aires
Population:
45,376,763
National symbol:
Sol de Mayo, Tango
Interesting fact:
First country to produce an animated film, in 1917. (The Argentine film industry is important)
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